Syllabus Of Genral Biochemistry

THEORY

GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY

4(2-2)

Introduction to Biochemistry, Biochemical properties and function of Water. Biochemical properties and function of Water, pH, Buffer, Buffer solutions, Regulation of acid base balance, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, Buffer systems of body fluids. Respiratory acid base balance, Renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration, Biomemebrane, structure, functions, mechanism of transport across the membrane, Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transportation, osmosis and osmotic pressure, Introduction to carbohydrates and their classification; monosaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide. Glycosidic linkages. Stereisomerism, optical isomerism, optical activity sp. Rotation and mutarotation., Chemical properties of monosacchrides,, Cyclic forms of sugar and Heteropolysacchrides, Introduction to proteins, classification of amino acids and Peptide linkage, Physiological significance, amphoteric properties Isoelectric pH, Primary, Secondary Tertiary and Quaternary structure of proteins, Classification of proteins; conjugated and derived proteins, Functions of proteins, introduction to Enzymes, general characteristics, Enzyme activity, specific activity, turns over number. Chemical nature and difference with non biological catalysts, Michaels Menton equation, Importance of Km and Vmax, Classification of enzymes, Co-enzymes, Chemical and clinical importance of enzymes, Factors affecting enzymes activity, inhibition, Introduction to lipids, Classification of lipids; fatty acids, saturated, unsaturated & essential., Physical and Chemical properties of fatty acids and triglycerides, Steroids, sterols and cholesterol, Prostaglandins and their physiological role, Introduction to nucleic acids Chemical composition and structures of DNA and RNA, Functions of DNA & RNA, Central DOGMA and its significance.

PRACTICAL

Preparation of solution of different normalities, molarities and back titration, Preparation of buffers of definite pH. Determination of pH values of biological fluids, Demonstrate the practical application of Handerson-Hasselbach‟s equation. To detect the carbohydrate in the given solution by Molisch‟s test, To detect the presence of reducing monosaccharides in the given solution. To detect polysaccharide by Iodine test, To detect the presence of reducing sugar in the given solution, To detect the presence

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of Ketose sugar in the given solution by Selivanoff‟s test, Phenyl Hydrazine Test, Hydrolysis Of Sucrose. Hydrolysis Of Starch, Identification scheme for carbohydrates (To Identify An Unknown Carbohydrate In The Given Solution), Biuret Test (To Detect The Presence Of Protein In The Given Solution ), Precipitation Of Casein At Its Isoelectric Point. Heat Coagulation Test. Salt Saturation Tests, Identification Scheme For Proteins (To Identify An Unknown Protein In The Given Solution) Properties of lipids (To Demonstrate That Lipids Do Not Wt Paper And They Are Greasy In Nature). To Demonstrate The Solubility Of The Given Lipid In Various Cold And Hot Solvents. To Demonstrate The Emulsification Of Neutral Fat In Water And Solutions Of Sodium Carbonate, Soap And Bile Salt, To Detect The Presence Of Cholesterol In The Given Solution By Salkowiski‟s Reaction.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Ahmad Mushtaq, A. (2003). essential of medical biochemistry, Vol !, 7th Ed. Ilmi book house urdu bazaar, Lahore

2. Murrary, R. K, D. K. Granner, P.A Mayes and V.W Redwell. (2000). Harper‟s Biochemistry, 25th Ed. Appleton & Lange Inc. USA

3. Stryer, L. 1995. Biochemistry. W. H. Freemen Pub. Co. USA.

4. Nelson, D. L & M M. Cox (2000). Leheninger Principles of Biochemistry. 3rd Ed., Livingston Pub, Inc, USA.

5. Brown, T. A. (2001). Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An Introduction. 4th Ed. Blackwell science Ltd., U.K.

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